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CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS
Růžek, Michal ; Oulehle, Filip (advisor) ; Tahovská, Karolina (referee)
CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, forest ecosystems are considered for their sequestration ability. However, there are differences between coniferous and deciduous tree species in their impact on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes within forest ecosystems, which influence soil carbon and nitrogen pools. In natural beech and monoculture spruce stands on research sites of Czech Geological Survey in the Ore Mountains, C and N fluxes and pools were investigated. There were investigated ecosystem inputs (C, N, in throughfall, litterfall) as well as outputs (soil respiration, concentrations of C, N in seepage water discharge). Further, C and N pools of living biomass and soils were determined. Throughfall DOC was significantly higher in the spruce stand, on the other hand litterfall C flux showed the opposite relationship. At output, DOC, DON and NH4 + discharge fluxes from O horizon were significantly higher in the spruce stand whereas in the beech stand higher NO3 - flux from mineral soil was recorded. Soil respiration was quite similar in the both stands, however different parts of original sources of respiration among tree species were different. Beech stand has larger pools of carbon and nitrogen in...
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Carbon allocation in evergreen and decidious temperate tree species under the elevated concentration CO2 and O3
Neuwirthová, Eva ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
An ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and tropospheric O3 is expected in coming years. These changes are mostly caused by anthropogenic activities and influence remarkably not only plants but the climate on the Earth. Physiological processes in plants determining carbon assimilation and allocation in plant organs are changing in a consequence of variations of these gases in the environment. Tree species represent importatnt C pools and changes in C allocation may effect their sink capability in the global C cycle.Increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere often leeds to incereased rate of photosynthesis lowered photorespiration what in turn may lead to enhanced C storage in plant biomass. The C storage into sinks is mediated through the assimilation organs, which are disturbed by O3. Ozone is toxic to plants and trees are due to their longevity exposed to ozone influence repeatedly for long term. The response to increased CO2 and O3 concentrations, is the most commonly investigated on two typical representatives of European temperate species: deciduous European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) The aim of the present review was to summarize the knowledge about the effects of increased concentrations of CO2 and O3 acting separately or in...
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CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS
Růžek, Michal
CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, forest ecosystems are considered for their sequestration ability. However, there are differences between coniferous and deciduous tree species in their impact on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes within forest ecosystems, which influence soil carbon and nitrogen pools. In natural beech and monoculture spruce stands on research sites of Czech Geological Survey in the Ore Mountains, C and N fluxes and pools were investigated. There were investigated ecosystem inputs (C, N, in throughfall, litterfall) as well as outputs (soil respiration, concentrations of C, N in seepage water discharge). Further, C and N pools of living biomass and soils were determined. Throughfall DOC was significantly higher in the spruce stand, on the other hand litterfall C flux showed the opposite relationship. At output, DOC, DON and NH4 + discharge fluxes from O horizon were significantly higher in the spruce stand whereas in the beech stand higher NO3 - flux from mineral soil was recorded. Soil respiration was quite similar in the both stands, however different parts of original sources of respiration among tree species were different. Beech stand has larger pools of carbon and nitrogen in...
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The effect of tree species on soil properties
Hüblová, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Veselá, Hana (referee)
Soil quality and its ability to support plant growth and soil organisms is affected by the content of soil organic carbon which can also influence many soil properties. The biggest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C) are forests. The amount of C sequestered in soil depends on quantity and quality of organic matter returned to forest floor as leaf litter. For how long and how effectively the C will be stored in soil is largely dependent on the rate of decomposition of organic matter and stabilization mechanisms. In this work I compared data from 40 "common garden" experiments in which different tree species were planted in adjacent plots on homogenous soil. C storage was compared on three types of afforested soils with different previous land use. Forests and former arable soils represented the well- developed soils in late stages of pedogenesis. Post-mining sites represented soils where pedogenesis was in the initial state. I found out that soil age is the controlling factor of carbon sequestration. In well-developed soils more C was stored under conifers. In initial soils on post mining sites on the other hand more C was stored under broadleaves. A negative correlation between sequestered C and C:N ratio in leaf litter was found on post mining sites. The results suggest that different mechanisms...
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CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS
Růžek, Michal
CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, forest ecosystems are considered for their sequestration ability. However, there are differences between coniferous and deciduous tree species in their impact on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes within forest ecosystems, which influence soil carbon and nitrogen pools. In natural beech and monoculture spruce stands on research sites of Czech Geological Survey in the Ore Mountains, C and N fluxes and pools were investigated. There were investigated ecosystem inputs (C, N, in throughfall, litterfall) as well as outputs (soil respiration, concentrations of C, N in seepage water discharge). Further, C and N pools of living biomass and soils were determined. Throughfall DOC was significantly higher in the spruce stand, on the other hand litterfall C flux showed the opposite relationship. At output, DOC, DON and NH4 + discharge fluxes from O horizon were significantly higher in the spruce stand whereas in the beech stand higher NO3 - flux from mineral soil was recorded. Soil respiration was quite similar in the both stands, however different parts of original sources of respiration among tree species were different. Beech stand has larger pools of carbon and nitrogen in...
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Tree species classification using sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 data
Havelka, Ondřej ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor) ; Kupková, Lucie (referee)
The main objectives of this master thesis are to evaluate and compare chosen classification algorithm for the tree species classification. With usage of satellite imagery Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 is examined whether the better spatial resolution affects the quality of the resulted classification. According to past case studies and literature was chosen supervised algorithms Support Vector Machine, Neural Network and Maximum Likelihood. To achieve the best possible results of classification is necessary to find a suitable choice of parameters and rules. Based on literate was applied different settings which were subsequently evaluated by cross validation. All results are accompanied by tables, charts and maps which comprehensively and clearly summarize the answers to the main objectives of the thesis.
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Dřeviny vhodné do měst, jejich výsadba a údžba
KUBÍNOVÁ, Stanislava
The bachelor thesis focuses on the selection of suitable tree species in the urban environment, their planting and maintenance. In the thesis, the tree species are described and divided according to the individual habitats that fit the species. It describes individual acts before planting, post-planting, after-care and maintenance. Maintenance activities include, for example, the cut of the crown or, if necessary, felling. These associated actions are all the more important when it comes to the built-up area of the urban environment. Trees without regular and honest care are dangerous for their surroundings in the form of breaking branches etc.
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CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS
Růžek, Michal ; Oulehle, Filip (advisor) ; Tahovská, Karolina (referee)
CARBON AND NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES OF TWO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, forest ecosystems are considered for their sequestration ability. However, there are differences between coniferous and deciduous tree species in their impact on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes within forest ecosystems, which influence soil carbon and nitrogen pools. In natural beech and monoculture spruce stands on research sites of Czech Geological Survey in the Ore Mountains, C and N fluxes and pools were investigated. There were investigated ecosystem inputs (C, N, in throughfall, litterfall) as well as outputs (soil respiration, concentrations of C, N in seepage water discharge). Further, C and N pools of living biomass and soils were determined. Throughfall DOC was significantly higher in the spruce stand, on the other hand litterfall C flux showed the opposite relationship. At output, DOC, DON and NH4 + discharge fluxes from O horizon were significantly higher in the spruce stand whereas in the beech stand higher NO3 - flux from mineral soil was recorded. Soil respiration was quite similar in the both stands, however different parts of original sources of respiration among tree species were different. Beech stand has larger pools of carbon and nitrogen in...
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Carbon allocation in evergreen and decidious temperate tree species under the elevated concentration CO2 and O3
Neuwirthová, Eva ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
An ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and tropospheric O3 is expected in coming years. These changes are mostly caused by anthropogenic activities and influence remarkably not only plants but the climate on the Earth. Physiological processes in plants determining carbon assimilation and allocation in plant organs are changing in a consequence of variations of these gases in the environment. Tree species represent importatnt C pools and changes in C allocation may effect their sink capability in the global C cycle.Increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere often leeds to incereased rate of photosynthesis lowered photorespiration what in turn may lead to enhanced C storage in plant biomass. The C storage into sinks is mediated through the assimilation organs, which are disturbed by O3. Ozone is toxic to plants and trees are due to their longevity exposed to ozone influence repeatedly for long term. The response to increased CO2 and O3 concentrations, is the most commonly investigated on two typical representatives of European temperate species: deciduous European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) The aim of the present review was to summarize the knowledge about the effects of increased concentrations of CO2 and O3 acting separately or in...
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